Abstract
Urban lakes play an important role in urban development and environmental protection for the Wuhan urban agglomeration. Under the impacts of urbanization and climate change, understanding urban lake-water extent dynamics is significant. However, few studies on the lake-water extent changes for the Wuhan urban agglomeration exist. This research employed 1375 seasonally continuous Landsat TM/ETM+/OLI data scenes to evaluate the lake-water extent changes from 1987 to 2015. The random forest model was used to extract water bodies based on eleven feature variables, including six remote-sensing spectral bands and five spectral indices. An accuracy assessment yielded a mean classification accuracy of 93.11%, with a standard deviation of 2.26%. The calculated results revealed the following: (1) The average maximum lake-water area of the Wuhan urban agglomeration was 2262.17 km2 from 1987 to 2002, and it decreased to 2020.78 km2 from 2005 to 2015, with a loss of 241.39 km2 (10.67%). (2) The lake-water areas of loss of Wuhan, Huanggang, Xianning, and Xiaogan cities, were 114.83 km2, 44.40 km2, 45.39 km2, and 31.18 km2, respectively, with percentages of loss of 14.30%, 11.83%, 13.16%, and 23.05%, respectively. (3) The lake-water areas in the Wuhan urban agglomeration were 226.29 km2, 322.71 km2, 460.35 km2, 400.79 km2, 535.51 km2, and 635.42 km2 under water inundation frequencies of 5%–10%, 10%–20%, 20%–40%, 40%–60%, 60%–80%, and 80%–100%, respectively. The Wuhan urban agglomeration was approved as the pilot area for national comprehensive reform, for promoting resource-saving and environmentally friendly developments. This study could be used as guidance for lake protection and water resource management.
Highlights
Urban lakes provide numerous ecosystem services that are closely related to human well-being in both the present and future
It mainly consisted five parts: the collection of feature variables, collection of training samples, image consisted of five parts: the collection of feature variables, collection of training samples, imageare classification based on the random forest model, rule filter, and accuracy assessment
The results showed that lake-water extraction based on the random forest model respectively
Summary
Urban lakes provide numerous ecosystem services that are closely related to human well-being in both the present and future. These ecosystem services include agricultural production, fishery resources, flood mitigation, water storage, and entertainment locations [1,2]. All of these ecosystem services are affected by fluctuations in the lake-water extent over time and space [3]. The Wuhan urban agglomeration—consisting of Wuhan, Huangshi, Ezhou, Xiaogan, Huanggang, Xianning, Xiantao, Qianjiang, and Tianmen—is one of five national urban agglomerations and has extensive lake-water extent, due to its wet climate.
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