Abstract
Identifying the changes and relationships between regional eco-environment quality and landscape pattern in an urban agglomeration have a great significance in realizing sustainable development goal. However, limited research has been performed to understand the spatiotemporal change of eco-environment quality, the variation of landscape pattern, and their relationship in an urban agglomeration. This study selected the Jing-Jin-Ji (JJJ) urban agglomeration as the study area. A comprehensive index, the remote sensing ecological index (RSEI), was utilized to understand the eco-environment spatiotemporal change and landscape pattern variation at class-level and landscape-level of JJJ during 2001~2015, then, their relationship was explored. The major conclusions were as follows: (1) The average RSEI value of JJJ increased from 0.43 to 0.46, which represented that the eco-environment of JJJ had improved in the fourteen years. Among it, the improved region was mainly located in Zhangjiakou city, while the degraded region was mainly distributed in the eastern Hebei plain. (2) The landscape characteristics of entire JJJ eco-environment were becoming more aggregated, connected, diverse, and regular. However, fair, moderate, and good grades were getting more concentrated and continuous; poor grade indicated a more fragmented and disconnected trend; excellent grade displayed an expanded and concentrated situation. (3) Human factors have an increasing influence on regional eco-environment changes. (4) Fair, moderate, and good grades showed a more dominant and stronger influence on the variation of landscape pattern in JJJ. Specifically, the fair grade had a positive correlation with the variation of landscape pattern, while moderate and good grades had a negative one. All of these conclusions could be valuable information for relevant decision-makers in managing or achieving the optimal eco-environment landscape pattern.
Highlights
The eco-environment, defined as ‘‘the total quantity and quality of water resources, land resources, biological resources and climate resources that affect human survival and development’’, is a social-economic-natural compound system
The aims of this study were to (1) analyze the spatiotemporal changes of remote sensing ecological index (RSEI); (2) evaluate the landscape pattern variation of RSEI grades based on class-level and landscape-level metrics; (3) identify the relationship between RSEI grades and landscape pattern
This study found that the eco-environment of JJJ had improved in the fourteen years, with the RSEI value increased from 0.43 to 0.46, with the improved region was mainly located in Zhangjiakou city, while the degraded region was mainly distributed in the eastern Hebei plain
Summary
The eco-environment, defined as ‘‘the total quantity and quality of water resources, land resources, biological resources and climate resources that affect human survival and development’’, is a social-economic-natural compound system. It provides human natural resources and living environment service and is the foundation and core of. Its quality can effectively indicate the degree of coordination between human production activities and the environment of a region [2]. Accompanied by the spatial urbanization process, the eco-environment has been greatly influenced, for example, water and soil loss [5], urban heat.
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