Abstract
The South-to-North Water Transfer Jiangsu Water Supply Area (JWSA) is a mega inter-basin water transfer area (water source) that provides water resources from JiangHuai, combines drainage and flooding management, and regulates nearby rivers and lakes. Analyzing the spatiotemporal soil moisture dynamics in the area will be informative regarding agricultural drought along with flood disaster assessment and will provide early warning studies. Therefore, we evaluated the quality of European Space Agency Climate Change Initiative Soil Moisture (ESA CCI_SM) data in the South-North Water Transfer JWSA. Furthermore, we utilized ensemble empirical modal decomposition, Mann-Kendall tests, and regression analysis to study the spatiotemporal variation in soil moisture for the past 29 years. The CCI _SM data displayed a high correlation with local soil measurements at nine sites. We next analyzed the CCI_SM data from three pumping stations (the Gaogang, Hongze, and Liushan stations) in the South-North Water Transfer JWSA. These stations had similar periodic characteristics of soil moisture, with significant periodic fluctuations around 3.1 d. The overall soil moisture at the three typical pumping stations demonstrated an increasing trend. We further investigated whether abrupt soil moisture changes existed at each station or not. The spatial distribution of soil moisture in the South-North Water Transfer JWSA was characterized as “dry north and wet south”, with higher soil moisture in winter, followed by autumn, and low soil moisture in spring and summer. Although the linear trend of soil moisture in the South-North Water Transfer JWSA varied in significance, the overall soil moisture in the JWSA has increased over the past 29 years. The areas with significantly enhanced soil moisture are mostly distributed in the Yangzhou and Huai’an areas in the southeastern part of the study area. The areas with significantly decreased soil moisture are small in size and mostly located in northern Xuzhou.
Highlights
IntroductionSoil moisture, which is referred to as soil water content, is the volumetric water content in soil
Verification of the CCI_SM Data Quality In Figure 2, a scatter plot of the soil moisture measured at 9 stations and the CCI_SM
The results suggest that remote sensing data may9 provide a rough indication of the true characteristics of soil moisture in the study area
Summary
Soil moisture, which is referred to as soil water content, is the volumetric water content in soil. It plays an important role in hydrological and meteorological processes, and acts as a major factor controlling precipitation runoff and infiltration [1,2,3,4,5,6]. Soil moisture has a significant impact on the net radiation to latent and sensible heat ratios and the precipitation to infiltration, runoff, and evaporation ratios [7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15].
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