Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Air Pollutants Changes During The COVID-19 Using Sentinel-5P in Google Earth Engine (Case Study: Java Island)

Abstract

COVID-19 or Coronavirus Disease 2019 has become a global pandemic until several countries have implemented social distancing in restrictions on human activities. The Indonesian Government, in early 2020, set a PSBB (Large-Scale Social Restriction) policy. Still, as the COVID-19 Pandemic progressed, the Indonesian Government finally changed the PSBB and implemented the PPKM (Enforcement of Community Activity Restrictions) policy. COVID-19 has an impact on decreasing human and industrial activities. On the other hand, this will be beneficial due to a decrease in air pollutants. Pollutants come from motor vehicle fumes or other industrial activities. The types of pollutants carried out in this research are Carbon Monoxide (CO), Ozone (O3), Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2). Using Sentinel-5P Imagery, which can record pollutant activity with the daily temporal resolution, the effect of the number of pollutants on the COVID-19 Pandemic can be investigated using the Google Earth Engine and the correlation test method to relate the effect of pollutant concentrations to BMKG meteorological data. The correlation test of pollutant data on sentinel 5P images with BMKG data shows a strong correlation of 0.5045 and 0.795 in Central Java. In addition, changes in the decrease in CO, NO2, and O3 gases occurred in November 2020 - December 2020. Monitoring of pollutants in Java During the COVID-19 Pandemic was packaged in the Website and Google Earth Engine. According to users, the application obtained a usability test result of 89%