Abstract
Abstract. The Cagsao mangrove is a thriving young forest along the San Miguel Bay (SMB), Camarines Sur. To establish the Spatio-temporal Water Quality mapping, data from the Chesapeake Bay, an estuary in the United States of America (USA), was sourced as the train set for this study. Spatio-temporal maps of chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen were generated using Linear Regression (LR) models which were derived from the train set and satellite images of the SMB. GNU (GNU’s not UNIX) Octave was used for the image processing, computing, and analysis. There were three phases in the image processing conducted in this study, 1) extraction of image data of the corresponding measure points from the train area, 2) conversion of the satellite study area to a two-color raster image, and 3) generation of the spatio-temporal maps from the analysis. The study found that the SMB is in the range of Mesotrophic to Moderate Eutrophic classification. The decay from two other point sources (Manga River and Libmanan River) was compared to that of Tigman River, an adjacent river to the Cagsao mangrove forest to determine variations and impact of the mangrove forest in the water quality of the SMB. The presence of Cagsao mangrove forest was found to affect the gap of increasing chlorophyll levels from shore toward the bay center in the adjacent Tigman River unlike Manga River and Libmanan River, which have both no adjacent mangrove forest in the river mouth area. The corresponding satellite images for the dataset taken during and near the date of the train area measurements were also extracted.
Highlights
1.1 Coastal Waters and the MangrovesThe annual impact of economic and social activities in Coastal Regions amounting to billions of dollars in the global scene (Costanza, et al, 1997; Martinez, et al, 2007) shows the importance and need for sustainable coastal water management
Though Linear Regression (LR) models were only employed, the generated Spatiotemporal map showed a better illustration of the variations of water quality in San Miguel Bay both for chlorophyll and dissolved oxygen than a one-point comparison
It was clearly presented that the dissolved oxygen is inversely proportional to the chlorophyll present in the surface waters, yet both are important factors in the productivity of aquatic ecosystems such as in San Miguel Bay
Summary
1.1 Coastal Waters and the MangrovesThe annual impact of economic and social activities in Coastal Regions amounting to billions of dollars in the global scene (Costanza, et al, 1997; Martinez, et al, 2007) shows the importance and need for sustainable coastal water management. It was estimated that several kilometers per year of aquaculture areas can erode posing danger to coastal communities (van Wesenbeeck, et al, 2015). Apart from potential benefits to ecotourism, these ecosystems provide researchers with various habitats for the conduct of extensive coastal research (Mallin & McIver, 2012). The most recognized ecosystem services of mangrove forests include serving as a carbon sink and as ocean greenbelts protecting coastlines from from tsunamis and storm surges These forests are critical agents for coastal area protection (Veettil & Quan, 2019) and curb climate change effects. Over 35% of the total mangrove cover worldwide, has disappeared due to clearcutting and aquaculture ponds conversion since the 1980s (Richards & Friess, 2016)
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