Spatio-Temporal Variations in the Temperature and Precipitation Extremes in Yangtze River Basin, China during 1961–2020

Zhe Yuan,Mengru Wei,Jun Yin,Yong Yuan

doi:10.3390/atmos12111423

Abstract

Based on daily maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), and precipitation of the Yangtze River Basin (YRB) from 1961 to 2020, we employed the trend analysis method and correlation analysis method to analyze spatiotemporal variations in 10 extreme indices and their associations with atmospheric and oceanic circulations. Results indicated that maximum Tmax (TXx), maximum Tmin (TNx), and minimum Tmin (TNn) all increased significantly, at rates of 0.19 °C, 0.19 °C, and 0.37 °C per decade, respectively, whereas minimum Tmax (TXn) did not show any significant trend. The diurnal temperature range (DTR) decreased by 0.09 °C per decade as minimum temperatures increased faster than maximum temperatures. TNx and TNn increased significantly in the majority of the YRB, but TXn showed no significant increases. TXn increased significantly in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. The DTR increased significantly in the Jinsha River Basin and the lower reaches of the Yangtze River. Rx1day (maximum 1-day precipitation), SDII (Simple daily intensity index) and R99p (extremely wet-day precipitation) increased significantly, at rates of 1.12 mm, 0.09 mm, and 5.87 mm per decade, respectively, but the trends of Rx5day (maximum 5-day precipitation) and PRCPTOT (total wet-day precipitation) were not significant. However, the trends of precipitation extreme indices were not statistically significant in most of the YRB. In the future, maximum temperature and minimum temperature might increase while DTR might decrease. But, the trends of precipitation extremes in the future were ambiguous. Nearly all the extreme indices were related to the variability of Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) in the YRB. In addition, the correlations between extreme temperature indices and AMO are higher than that of extreme precipitation indices.

Highlights

The objective of this article is to analyze how the variations in temperature and precipitation extremes vary across the Yangtze River Basin (YRB), and to investigate if there is a link between them and oceanic and atmospheric circulations
We investigated the spatio-temporal variations in temperature and precipitation extremes in YRB from 1961 to 2020 using gridded daily temperature and precipitation data, the linear regression method, the Moving t-Test method, and R/S analysis
We studied the correlation between oceanic and atmospheric circulation with extreme indices

Summary

Introduction

Extreme events, such as floods, droughts, and heat/cold waves, are one of the most destructive natural disasters and have severe impacts on ecosystem services, agriculture productivity, and society [1,2,3]. It has been demonstrated that the frequency of extreme weather and climatic event increases in the context of warming climate [5,6]. The capacity of the atmosphere to hold water increases, resulting in more frequent and intense extreme precipitation events [10,11]. Floods, droughts, and other weather-related events have been triggered by extreme temperature and precipitation events, potentially resulting in loss of life and economic damage [12,13].

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