Spatio‐temporal pattern ofPentastiridius leporinusmigration in an ephemeral cropping system

Abstract

Cixiid planthoppers (Hemiptera: Fulgoromorpha: Cixiidae) are considered to be important economic pests because of their ability to transmit phloem‐restricted prokaryotes causing emerging plant diseases worldwide. However, little information is available on the biology and ecology of such species. This is the case forPentastiridius leporinus(Linnaeus), a cixiid planthopper reported to live on common reed across Countries of Central and Northern Europe. However, in the east of France, the same planthopper species appears to complete its life cycle in the sugar beet‐wheat cropping system and has been repeatedly shown to transmit prokaryotic plant pathogens that are associated with an emerging disease of sugar beet called syndrome ‘basses richesses'.To gather evidence on the biology of the planthopper in the cropping rotation, we analysed the flight activity of adults. We used transparent sticky traps for sampling migrating adults and quantified nymphs as well as emerging adults on the roots of wheat plants.Results showed a significant correlation between disappearance of nymphs and emerging adults from wheat roots and the occurrence of migrant adults in nearby sugar beet fields. Planthoppers migrated more abundantly and colonized sugar beet for longer periods than any other crop available. Flight activity was very pronounced during the migratory phase that was extended from the middle of June to the middle of July. A geographic information system and geostatical analysis revealed that planthoppers flew and colonized the centre of the sugar beet field rather than the borders.Overall, results obtained in the present study suggest that the ecology and biology of the planthopper vector in the cropping rotation is a primary factor that leads to the emergence of the syndrome ‘basses richesses' disease of sugar beet.