Abstract
In this study, we model extreme rainfall to study the high rainfall events in the province of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. We investigated the effect of the El Nino South Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IOD), and Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) on extreme rainfall events. We also assume that events in a location are affected by events in other nearby locations. Using rainfall data from the province of South Sulawesi, the results showed that extreme rainfall events are related to IOD and MJO.
Highlights
Extreme rainfall has a detrimental effect on human life and the environment
We investigated the effect of the El Nino South Oscillation (ENSO), Indian Ocean Dipole Mode (IOD), and Mad‐ den–Julian Oscillation (MJO) on extreme rainfall events
Using rain‐ fall data from the province of South Sulawesi, the results showed that extreme rainfall events are related to IOD and MJO
Summary
Extreme rainfall has a detrimental effect on human life and the environment. There are two approaches used in determining extreme rainfall, namely Peak Over Threshold (POT) and Block Maxima (BM) [2]. In the POT approach, extreme rain‐ fall is expressed as rainfall that is greater than the threshold value. In the BM approach, extreme rainfall is expressed as the maximum value in a block of time. Extreme rainfall can be divided into high extreme rainfall and low extreme rain‐ fall. High rainfall is associated with floods or landslides, while low rainfall is associ‐ ated with drought. Both types of extreme rainfall have adverse effects on human life and the environment. High extreme rainfall is defined as rainfall that is more than or equal to the 75th or 90th percentile [1, 3]
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