Abstract
The rapid urbanization has produced a remarkable effect on the surface thermal response. The effects significantly influence urban internal microclimate on a regional scale. This has led to the transformation of the natural landscape into anthropogenic surfaces in urban settlements. In this study, the surface temperature and land cover types retrieved from Landsat ETM+ and OLI images of Jos Metropolis for 2005 and 2019 were analysed. The Erdas imagine 9.2 and ArcGIS 10.1 was used for data preparation and map composition. Thermal band data was used to compute surface temperature maps for the two years and the relationship between land use land cover and surface temperature was analyzed. Results from land use land cover maps between 2005 and 2019 revealed a notable increase with an annual average rate of 5.1 %. Also, urban land development raised surface temperature by 1.360C between 2005 and 2019. Bare land exhibited the high value of surface temperature while vegetation showed low values of surface temperature. The result also shows that there is an occurrence of physiological discomfort in the environment with a very strong heat stress leading to increase in the probability of heat stroke and cardiovascular embarrassment. Focus should be given on the effect of urban growth, growing impervious surfaces and careful greening methods are recommended.
Highlights
Over the years, the rapid growth in population and industrialization has resulted in the concentration of economic and social functions in the urban areas such scenario altered urban morphology and energy composition [1,2,3]
It has established as a major indicator of surface urban heat island presence in cities and urban areas
For 2019, the image Figure 7 was acquired on the 17th of March, 2019, which plants spring from the ground and trees come into blossom after the dry season which is supposed to account for high vegetation cover but reverse was the case in this year as it did not come up with a thick and healthy green vegetation in the year and has the same positive and negative value of 0.43 and -0.48 respectively
Summary
The rapid growth in population and industrialization has resulted in the concentration of economic and social functions in the urban areas such scenario altered urban morphology and energy composition [1,2,3]. The simultaneous rapid growth in both population and economic output per capita and the consequent changes in land use pattern comes at a cost to the natural environment [ 4-6]. This change is one of the most widely documented climatic effects of man modification of environmental factors [7]. Geography (topography, presence of water bodies such as lakes or rivers, soil types) affect a UHI magnitude [7] This effect can raise city air temperatures by 2 ̊C to 10 ̊C above the surrounding area [10]. Urban Heat islands were created by a combination of heatabsorptive surfaces such as dark pavements and roofing, heat-generating activities such as engines and generators and the absence of vegetation which provides evaporative
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