Abstract
BackgroundTo reveal the spatio-temporal distribution of malaria vectors in the national malaria surveillance sites from 2005 to 2010 and provide reference for the current National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) in China.MethodsA 6-year longitudinal surveillance on density of malaria vectors was carried out in the 62 national malaria surveillance sites. The spatial and temporal analyses of the four primary vectors distribution were conducted by the methods of kernel k-means and the cluster distribution of the most widely distribution vector of An.sinensis was identified using the empirical mode decomposition (EMD).ResultsTotally 4 species of Anopheles mosquitoes including An.sinensis, An.lesteri, An.dirus and An.minimus were captured with significant difference of distribution as well as density. An. sinensis was the most widely distributed, accounting for 96.25% of all collections, and its distribution was divided into three different clusters with a significant increase of density observed in the second cluster which located mostly in the central parts of China.ConclusionThis study first described the spatio-temporal distribution of malaria vectors based on the nationwide surveillance during 2005–2010, which served as a baseline for the ongoing national malaria elimination program.
Highlights
To reveal the spatio-temporal distribution of malaria vectors in the national malaria surveillance sites from 2005 to 2010 and provide reference for the current National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) in China
In order to timely monitor the malaria epidemic and provide evidence for strategies development as well as evaluation of control activities, China government issued in 2005 the malaria surveillance program which was trialed out until 2010, and totally 62 townships in 18 provinces were selected as the sentinel sites where the malaria vectors were surveyed every 15 days from June to October [1]
The above observations indicated the most widely distribution of An. sinensis in the all surveillance sites (62 townships) of 18 provinces, but showed great variation. It had a classic peak of abundance each year in the rainy season (July-August), while the other malaria vectors had the peak of abundance during August-September in the surveillance sites during 2005–2010 (Figure 2)
Summary
To reveal the spatio-temporal distribution of malaria vectors in the national malaria surveillance sites from 2005 to 2010 and provide reference for the current National Malaria Elimination Programme (NMEP) in China. The spatio-temporal information of continuous vectors surveillance has not been mined for the NMEP from the perspective of vector control. The efficiency of malaria elimination interventions will depend largely on information of the distribution of primary vectors. It is evident from a series of studies in China as well as in other countries [2,3,4,5,6,7] that the temporal and spatial distribution of malaria vectors is very dynamic. Knowledge of the spatio-temporal malaria vector distribution will facilitate the malaria elimination efforts and overall mapping is needed to focus on priority areas for additional surveillance and response
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