Abstract
BackgroundDengue is an arbovirus disease that threatens approximately 200 million people annually worldwide. Aedes (Stegomyia) aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) is anthropophilic mosquito, extremely well adapted to the urban environment and utilizes varied habitats for egg-laying and development. This study analysed the distribution of mosquito larvae and eggs in urban area of Santa Bárbara dʼOeste, São Paulo, Brazil. The spatial correlation between locations in which people store recyclable materials and the distribution of larvae and eggs were verified.MethodsLarvae and ovitrap egg collections were conducted from 2014 to 2016. All persons who stored recyclable materials for living were registered and georeferenced. The Mann-Kendall test was used to verify spatial and temporal trends in the number of eggs and larvae/pupae. Euclidian distance map was constructed to correlate recyclable collectors and Ae. aegypti, and Moranʼs index was employed to verify their spatial autocorrelation and identification of groupings.ResultsA total of 137,825 eggs and 16,393 larvae were collected in different habitats from 2014 to 2016. The analyses showed that there was a spatial correlation between larvae and eggs collected, and these two kinds of surveys also presented a spatial correlation with the handling of recyclable materials. The results of the analyses showed significant spatial correlations between eggs and recyclable material collectors and between larvae and collectors.ConclusionThe entomological surveillance conducted using ovitraps as a proxy for the presence of Ae. aegypti is an efficient and sensitive method for monitoring the presence of mosquitoes and the impact of interventions employed for decreasing vector populations. Mosquito surveys employing ovitraps should be used more often in routine activities aiming to control dengue through vector control interventions. The locations used to store recyclable materials have a significant relationship with the maintenance of the dengue virus infection in the area. Further studies will be needed to analyse the contribution of recyclable locations, for which there is no ideal infrastructure to minimize the potential use of these materials as mosquito habitats. The entomological surveillance focused on locations of recyclable materials involving interventions that are different from those commonly used in Ae. aegypti control.
Highlights
Dengue is an arbovirus disease that threatens approximately 200 million people annually worldwide
The vast majority of larval habitats are man-made [1, 7, 8], and this characteristic is the greatest challenge of Ae. aegypti vector control programmes
Breteau’s index, the predial index and the recipient index [12] are largely employed by Ae. aegypti control programmes
Summary
Dengue is an arbovirus disease that threatens approximately 200 million people annually worldwide. The vast majority of larval habitats are man-made [1, 7, 8], and this characteristic is the greatest challenge of Ae. aegypti vector control programmes Another important issue that exacerbates the situation is the absence of efficient administration of solid waste disposable materials that can become potential habitats for Ae. aegypti [9]. Aedes (Stegomyia) albopictus (Skuse, 1894) is an opportunistic outdoors, day biter mosquito, inhabiting a wide range of habitats, such as vegetated rural and peri-urban areas in Brazil. This species is competent to transmit several arboviruses, such as the yellow fever virus [4]. The impact of a control programme focused on the control of Ae. aegypti depends on the employment of effective actions to eliminate the majority of potential habitats to reduce human exposure to mosquito bites [6]
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