Abstract
The present study has analysed the Spatial-temporal distribution of groundwater level (GWL) in the Ghazipur district has been calculated using statistical and graphical methods for the period 1998, 2008 and 2018. In the present study, the GWL trend was analysed using the non-parametric Modified Mann-Kendall (MMK) test for the 39 locations of the Ghazipur district of UP, India. The trend analysis has been tested at a 5 % significance level. The mean, minimum and maximum GWL during the pre-monsoon season(PRM) ranged from 3.16 m to 12.71 m. However, in the post-monsoon (PTM) season, it ranges from 1.76 m to 9.09 m. The GWL trends have been estimated using the non-parametric tests, MMK during the period 1998 to 2018 at 39 locations in the Ghazipur district of Uttar Pradesh, India. From the analysis, The GWL trend analysis has revealed negative magnitudes for 8 locations that covered 20 % portion of total area and positive magnitudes for 31 locations spread in 80 % area in the PRM season. However, in the PTM season, 9 locations spread in 10 % area showed negative trends and 30 locations covering major area which is 90 % of total area showed positive trends. The changes in the GWL trends in two different seasons (PRM and PTM) can be included in the recharge by rainfall in the PTM season. This study reveals the behaviour of GWL over the study area. This study will help in providing valuable information about the long-term behaviour of groundwater levels for ensuring sustainable groundwater management in the Ghazipur district, Uttar Pradesh.
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