Abstract
Recently, investigation of metasurfaces has been extended to wave control through exploiting nonlinearity. Among all of the ways to achieve tunable metasurfaces with multiplexed performances, nonlinearity is one of the promising choices. Although several proposals have been reported to obtain nonlinear architectures at visible frequencies, the area of incorporating nonlinearity in form of passive-designing at microwave metasurfaces is open for investigation. In this paper, a passive wideband nonlinear metasurface is manifested, which is composed of embedded L-shape and Γ -shape meta-atoms with PIN-diode elements. The proposed self-biased nonlinear metasurface has two operational states: at low power intensities, it acts as a Quarter Wave Plate (QWP) in the frequency range from 13.24 GHz to 16.38 GHz with an Axial Ratio (AR) of over 21.2%. In contrast, at high power intensities, by using the polarization conversion property of the proposed PIN-diode based meta-atoms, the metasurface can act as a digital metasurface. It means that by arranging the meta-atoms with a certain coding pattern, the metasurface can manipulate the scattered beams and synthesize well-known patterns such as diffusion-like and chessboard patterns at an ultra-wide frequency range from 8.12 GHz to 19.27 GHz (BW=81.4%). Full-wave and nonlinear simulations are carried out to justify the performance of the wideband nonlinear metasurface. We expect the proposed self-biased nonlinear metasurface at microwave frequencies reveals excellent opportunities to design limiter metasurfaces and compact reconfigurable imaging systems.
Highlights
At the beginning of the century, remarkable attention was absorbed to metasurfaces as the sub-wavelength structures owing to their electromagnetic features, besides being low loss and easy to chip
In 2017 [38], a frequency selective surface (FSS) was introduced to provide passband for high power intensities which could spectrally manipulate incoming wave; despite the previous nonlinear metasurfaces, the PIN-diodes has been biased with AC signals and no bias network had been employed in the FSS
We proposed a passive wideband self-biased nonlinear reflective metasurface at microwave frequencies to spatially control electromagnetic waves
Summary
At the beginning of the century, remarkable attention was absorbed to metasurfaces as the sub-wavelength structures owing to their electromagnetic features, besides being low loss and easy to chip. In 2017 [38], a frequency selective surface (FSS) was introduced to provide passband for high power intensities which could spectrally manipulate incoming wave; despite the previous nonlinear metasurfaces, the PIN-diodes has been biased with AC signals and no bias network had been employed in the FSS. This FSS could only control the incoming wave spectrally. The numerical simulations verify the performance of the proposed bi-functional nonlinear coding metasurface
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