Abstract
Accurate information about regional precipitation and trends in spatiotemporal variation is crucial, both from the perspective of quantifying water budgets and to determine appropriate vegetation restoration. The objectives of this study were to evaluate spatiotemporal changes in precipitation and to analyze the monthly, annual, and seasonal precipitation trends of 85 stations in the Loess Plateau during 1957−2013. The Mann−Kendall test and Sen’s slope estimator were applied to analyze the precipitation data. Monthly precipitation trends exhibited apparent regional differences over the Loess Plateau, significant increasing trends in rainfall were found in winter. On the seasonal scale, the magnitude of significant negative trends in seasonal rainfall varied from 0.595 mm/yr2 to 2.732 mm/yr2. The magnitude of significant positive trends varied from 0.010 mm/yr2 to 1.987 mm/yr2. One of the most remarkable findings was that all the stations showed significant positive trends in winter. For annual average rainfall, the magnitude of significant positive trends varied from 2.075 mm/yr2 to 3.427 mm/yr2. No significant negative trends were detected. Although, the annual average rainfall over the Loess Plateau showed a non-significant increasing trend, the seasonal and regional pattern was obvious. Such findings can provide important implications for ecological restoration and farming operations across the study region.
Highlights
Land degradation research is mainly focused on the biota and the soil changes due to the human activities
Trends in monthly, seasonal, and annual average rainfall were investigated at 85 meteorological stations in the Loess Plateau for the period 1957−2013
A limited region representing less than ~20% of the Loess Plateau showed a significant decreasing trend in monthly rainfall, but this only occurred in April, July, and August
Summary
Land degradation research is mainly focused on the biota (mainly plants) and the soil changes due to the human activities. Precipitation is a fundamental component of the hydrological cycle, and it is a major limiting element in arid and semi-arid ecosystems [e.g. 1–3]. Changes in precipitation patterns and gradients have accelerated in terms of the frequency, magnitude, and spatial scale of precipitation events. These changes have the potential to alter hydrological cycles, energy balances, and biogeochemical processes, in the semi-arid and arid ecosystems, owing to the combination of water stress and land degradation in these regions [5]
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