Spatial Variability and Monitoring of Pb Contamination of Farming Soils Affected by Industry

Abstract

In this study, the relationship between some physico-chemical properties of soils and lead contamination in soil due to emission from industrial operations in Samsun province of Turkey was investigated. The extent of timely contamination was studied by comparing the obtained results with the results of the study conducted in the same region in 1998. An area of 225 km(2) (15 km x 15 km), which was divided into 1000 x 1000 m grid squares (16 lines in the east and south directions), was selected within the industrial area. The total of 256 grid points was obtained and soil samples were collected from three depths (0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm) of each grid center in 2004. The total Pb concentrations of soil samples were determined as 65.84-527.04 microg g(-1) at 0-5 cm in depth, 58.50 - 399.54 microg g(-1) at 5-15 cm in depth, and 44.65-330.07 microg g(-1) at 15-30 cm in depth. DTPA-extractable Pb concentrations of soils were found to be in the range of 1.52-9.03 microg g(-1), 0.54-7.09 microg g(-1), 0.19-6.13 microg g(-1) at 0-5, 5-15, and 15-30 cm depths, respectively. There were significant relationships between both total or DTPA-extractable Pb concentrations and selected physico-chemical properties of soil. According to enrichment factor (EF) values calculated from the total Pb concentrations, 11.3% of the study area (225 km(2)) was enriched with Pb in high level, but 77% of the area was in significant enrichment level with Pb. The average total and DTPA-extractable Pb concentrations increased as 11 and 13%, respectively in comparison with the results of 1998.