Spatial–temporal variations of absorptive fine roots in the organic and soil layers of a Larix gmelinii forest

Abstract

In the organic layer, absorptive fine roots of Larix gmelinii represent a significant proportion of the total fine-root biomass and can morphologically adjust during the growing season to optimize resource acquisition. Larix gmelinii is a foundational tree species in forests of northern China and Far-East Russia. A better understanding of the species’ belowground resource acquisition strategy is important for soil nutrient and carbon estimates. Here, we investigated seven traits of absorptive fine-roots at four depth levels, from the organic layer (organic, decomposed litter from dead plants) down to a soil depth of 30 cm in May, July and September of 2016. Biomass and functional traits of absorptive fine roots varied significantly, indicating the species ability to adjust its resource acquisition across the four depth layers. From the organic layer to deeper mineral soil layers, root diameter and tissue density increased, while specific root length decreased, in other words, roots become longer and thinner with increasing values of soil water and nutrient concentrations. At the same time, the average biomass and length of absorptive fine roots in the organic layer accounted for 14% and 16% of the total, respectively. With increasing soil depth, the averaged proportion of biomass and length density of absorptive fine roots to the total fine roots decreased significantly from almost 57 to 32%, and 80–62%, respectively. Finally, total soil nitrogen concentration showed the strongest link with absorptive fine-root traits, such as root diameter, specific root length, root standing biomass and length density. Our results indicate that absorptive fine roots in the organic layer play a crucial role in belowground resource acquisition and carbon cycle in a common and economical important species.