Abstract
Fire and rescue service is one of the fundamental public services provided by government in order to protect people, properties and environment from fires and other disasters, and thus promote a safer living environment. Well understanding spatial-temporal dynamics of fire incidents can offer insights for potential determinants of various fire events and enable better fire risk estimation, assisting future allocation of prevention resources and strategic planning of mitigation programs. Using a 12-year (2002-2013) dataset containing the urban fire events in Nanjing, China, this research explores the spatial-temporal dynamics of urban fire incidents. A range of exploratory spatial data analysis (ESDA) approaches and tools, such as spatial kernel density and co-maps, are employed to examine the spatial, temporal and spatial-temporal variations of the fire events. Particular attention has been paid to two types of fire incidents: residential properties and local facilities, due to their relatively higher occurrence frequencies. The results demonstrated that the amount of urban fire has greatly increased in the last decade and spatial-temporal distribution of fire events vary among different incident types, which implies varying impact of potential influencing factors for further investigation.
Highlights
Fire, either caused by humans or nature, can pose hazard to people, properties and environment, possibly resulting in psychological damage, physical injuries, even death and significant economic losses
The aim of this paper is to explore the spatial-temporal dynamics of urban fires in Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province and a major city in East China over the last decade
Instead of the point data used in the kernel density estimation (KDE) which represent the geographic location of fire events, the relative fire risks are employed in the local indicator of spatial association (LISA) analyses
Summary
Either caused by humans or nature, can pose hazard to people, properties and environment, possibly resulting in psychological damage, physical injuries, even death and significant economic losses. Urban fire is virtually a both physical and social process (Jennings, 2013), in the sense that it occurs in built environment and affects individuals and socioeconomic activities in the surrounding neighborhood or communities, usually involving both individual causalities and economic losses. Most of the existing work on urban fires has focused on the cases in developed countries, such as the US (Gaither et al, 2011), the UK (Corcoran et al, 2007a, 2007b, 2011a, 2011b; Higgins et al, 2013), Canada (Asgary et al, 2010) and Australia (Corcoran et al, 2011a). Few studies have been carried out in developing countries and regions
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