Abstract
Biodiversity in China is analyzed based on the components of the Dynamic Habitat Index (DHI). First, observed field survey based spatial patterns of species richness including threatened species are presented to test their linear relationship with remote sensing based DHI (2001–2010 MODIS). Areas with a high cumulative DHI component are associated with relatively high species richness, and threatened species richness increases in regions with frequently varying levels of the cumulative DHI component. The analysis of geographical and statistical distributions yields the following results on interdependence, polarization and change detection: (1) The decadal mean Cumulative Annual Productivity (DHI-\(\overline{cum}\) < 4) in Northwest China and (DHI-\(\overline{cum}\) > 4) in Southeast China are in a stable (positive) relation to the Minimum Annual Apparent Cover (DHI-\(\overline{min}\)) and is positively (negatively) related to the Seasonal Variation of Greenness (DHI-\(\overline{sea}\)); (2) The decadal tendencies show bimodal frequency distributions aligned near DHI-\(\overline{min}\)~0.05 and DHI-\(\overline{sea}\)~0.5 which separated by zero slopes; that is, regions with both small DHI-min and DHI-sea are becoming smaller and vice versa; (3) The decadal tendencies identify regions of land-cover change (as revealed in previous research). That is, the relation of strong and significant tendencies of the three DHI components with climatic or anthropogenic induced changes provides useful information for conservation planning. These results suggest that the spatial-temporal dynamics of China’s terrestrial species and threatened species richness needs to be monitored by first and second moments of remote sensing based information of the DHI.
Highlights
Global extinction rates have increased due to anthropogenic activities [1,2,3,4,5], which have led to an erosion of ecosystem services [6]
There are three methodologies for measuring species richness and endangered species from sources: they are obtained from field surveys; estimated from existing land cover maps by combining information about the known habitat requirements of species [16,17,18], e.g., the USGS National Gap Analysis Program [19]; and derived from remote sensing based indices that consider the relationship between spectral radiance and species richness, e.g., Dynamic Habitat Index DHI [20,21,22]
In this study we focus on estimating the species distribution, its change and variability using DHI information
Summary
Global extinction rates have increased due to anthropogenic activities [1,2,3,4,5], which have led to an erosion of ecosystem services [6]. We expand the original DHI components (related with avian species) to: (1) a relationship that combines mammals, birds, and amphibians; (2) a grid-scale (10 10 km2 ) based analysis for further enhancing the spatial resolution; and (3) a dynamic change and variability analysis associated with the static species richness information obtained from annual climate means. We first revisit the DHI components (in Section 2) and test the relationship between the spatial patterns of indices derived from remote sensing information as possible surrogates of biodiversity and of the actual overall species richness and threatened species richness in China
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