Abstract
ABSTRACT Analysis of the spatial distribution is a very useful tool to understand the ecological behavior of the species in that it provides information that underlies management strategies and influences the population structure. To study the horizontal structure of the species T. speciosum (Cacaui) and T. subincanum (Cupui) in the "Parque Nacional do Juruena", Mato Grosso state, a 200 x 160 m grid was implemented and divided into 40 adjacent 20 x 40 m subplots. All individuals of the species under study that had DBH > 1 cm were measured. The following parameters were analyzed: number of individuals, density, total height, basal area, diametric distribution, and spatial distribution. The research sampled 165 T. speciosum trees (51.56 ind.ha-1) and 34 T. subincanum (10.62 ind.ha-1), with an average diameter of 6.72 cm and 12.44 respectively, the T. speciosum individuals showed an aggregated distribution pattern, while the T. subincanum individuals presented a random pattern. The diametric distribution of T. speciosum followed an exponential distribution in a reverse-J shaped pattern, behavior expected for a forest environment with little anthropic pressure, while T. subincanum did not follow the same pattern, though the species demonstrated to be well established in the area, with significant number of individuals in all diameter classes, thus,the results indicate the importance of conservation areas established in order to safeguard the natural environment from the pressures of anthropic actions, and also the need for studies in the region of the Amazon biome.
Highlights
One of the biggest threats for the conservation of rain forests is the habitats transformation and exploration, the expansion of the agricultural frontier, mainly for the establishment of pastures, has increased the rate of native forest loss (Giustina et al, 2014)
The diametric distribution of T. speciosum followed an exponential distribution in a reverse-J shaped pattern, behavior expected for a forest environment with little anthropic pressure, while T. subincanum did not follow the same pattern, though the species demonstrated to be well established in the area, with significant number of individuals in all diameter classes,the results indicate the importance of conservation areas established in order to safeguard the natural environment from the pressures of anthropic actions, and the need for studies in the region of the Amazon biome
The majority of the sampled T. speciosum individuals presented DBH in the groups between 1-2.5 and 2.65.0 cm (74 individuals – 44.85%), (Figure 2A), whereas for T. subincanum only 5 (14.71%) sampled individuals were allocated to the same DBH group (Figure 2B)
Summary
One of the biggest threats for the conservation of rain forests is the habitats transformation and exploration, the expansion of the agricultural frontier, mainly for the establishment of pastures, has increased the rate of native forest loss (Giustina et al, 2014). According to Ferreira et al (2005), the protected areas are one of the tools to stop or decrease the deforestation process, because the difference of the deforestation rate inside and outside the protected areas, varied ten times in the Mato Grosso and Rondônia states e twenty-five times in Pará state. This three states have the highest deforestation rates, being, 28,4, 29,2 and 20,4%, respectively
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