Abstract
This study estimates the carbon footprint associated with global final demand for automobiles and petroleum of the U.S.A., Germany, and Japan, which accounted for 31% of the global stock of passenger cars in 2009, during 1995 to 2009. I develop a comprehensive new method to more clearly illuminate the structural change in automobiles’ global final demand. Based on the results, I discuss how a circular strategy with a focus on vehicle lifetime extension contributes to the automobile carbon footprint in each country. While the environmental burden from automobile manufacturing has decreased globally, the Leontief production structure countered carbon reduction and completely canceled out the effects of technological changes to reduce emission intensities. The results showed that suppressing demand for new cars through lifetime extensions greatly reduced the carbon footprint, in a similar or even greater way than that from changes in industrial technology.
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