Abstract
Local field potential (LFP) is a valuable tool in understanding brain function and in brain machine-interfacing applications. However, there is no consensus on the spatial extent of the cortex that contributes to the LFP (its "spatial spread"), with different studies reporting values between a few hundred micrometers and several millimeters. Furthermore, the dependency of the spatial spread on frequency, which could reflect properties of the network architecture and extracellular medium, is not well studied, with theory and models predicting either "all-pass" (frequency-independent) or "low-pass" behavior. Surprisingly, we found the LFP spread to be "band-pass" in the primate primary visual cortex, with the greatest spread in the high-gamma range (60-150 Hz). This was accompanied by an increase in phase coherency across neighboring sites in the same frequency range, consistent with the findings of a recent model that reconciles previous studies by suggesting that spatial spread depends on neuronal correlations.
Highlights
IntroductionLocal field potential (LFP) has become a promising candidate for neural prosthesis, but how different frequencies of the LFP spread has not been studied experimentally, with theoretical models predicting either an “all-pass” (all frequencies spread ) or “low-pass” (lower frequencies spread farther than higher frequencies) behavior
Local field potential (LFP) has become a promising candidate for neural prosthesis, but how different frequencies of the LFP spread has not been studied experimentally, with theoretical models predicting either an “all-pass” or “low-pass” behavior
We compared the spatial spreads of LFP, current source density (CSD), and Multiunit activity (MUA) in the V1 and investigated whether the LFP spread was frequency dependent
Summary
Local field potential (LFP) has become a promising candidate for neural prosthesis, but how different frequencies of the LFP spread has not been studied experimentally, with theoretical models predicting either an “all-pass” (all frequencies spread ) or “low-pass” (lower frequencies spread farther than higher frequencies) behavior. LFP indexes synaptic events that are causal to spiking, captures network oscillations that are associated with different behavioral states (Buzsáki 2006; Buzsáki and Draguhn 2004), and is correlated with other measures of brain activity, such as the blood oxygenation level-dependent signal (Goense and Logothetis 2008; Logothetis et al 2001). It provides an accessible and unique window for understanding the properties of the neuronal network near the microelectrode. We found the LFP spread to be “band-pass,” with frequencies in the high-gamma range spreading significantly more than both
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