Abstract
Massive high-resolution spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data are available nowadays, effecting rapid development in the urban remote sensing technology. In this study, we use a set of 27 scenes from TerraSAR-X to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) point clouds of a skyscraper-North Star Times Tower in Beijing, China. We study in detail the derivation process of a 3D model of tomographic SAR (TomoSAR) from the two-dimensional (2D) imaging mathematical model of SAR. We observe the presence of a spatial shift in the elevation direction of TomoSAR, which yields poor and even incorrect results when greedy algorithms such as orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) or regularized orthogonal matching pursuit (ROMP) algorithms are applied. Then, we propose a phase compensation method to eliminate the spatial shift. Both OMP and ROMP algorithms are used for TomoSAR imaging on high-resolution TerraSAR-X data. The experimental results with North Star Times Tower demonstrate the accuracy of the theoretical analysis and the effectiveness of the algorithms. Finally, we compare the ROMP and OMP algorithms and conclude that both algorithms can yield similar reconstruction results in TomoSAR imaging. The ROMP algorithm does not depend on sparsity and can suppress noise through regularization selection at the cost of time. The OMP algorithm introduces noise when the sparsity is inaccurate.
Highlights
The development of advanced detection technology provides a large number of high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from space
In this study, a 3D model of tomographic SAR (TomoSAR) was studied in detail
A spatial shift was found to exist in the elevation direction of TomoSAR
Summary
The development of advanced detection technology provides a large number of high-resolution synthetic aperture radar (SAR) images from space. H. Liu et al.: Spatial Shift Phenomenon Compensation for TomoSAR Imaging Using High-Resolution TerraSAR-X Data as long as the restricted isometry property (RIP) is satisfied [16]. A spatial shift is found in the elevation direction of TomoSAR This spatial shift is a phase factor in the TomoSAR model and greedy algorithms are especially sensitive to it, resulting in poor or even incorrect reconstruction when the OMP [21] or ROMP algorithm is applied for TomoSAR imaging. We propose phase compensation for eliminating the spatial shift, following which both OMP and ROMP methods are used for TomoSAR imaging on high-resolution TerraSAR-X data. We compare the ROMP and OMP algorithms and conclude that they can yield similar reconstruction results when applied to TomoSAR imaging. The OMP algorithm will introduce noise when the sparsity is inaccurate
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