Abstract
The City of Montreal initiated a First Strategic Plan for Sustainable Development in 2005 followed by a Community and Corporate Sustainable Development Plan in 2010–2015. This study proposes a sustainable urban development indicator (SUDI) for each Montreal Urban Community (MUC) to evaluate the achievements of sustainable development plans. This study identifies thirty-two variables as the attributes of sustainable urban development. The multivariate technique and Exploratory Spatial Data Analysis are applied to determine the spatial pattern of SUDI for each MUC. The spatial pattern of SUDI identifies that Ville Marie, Verdun, Sud-Ouest, Mercier-Hochelaga-Maisonneuve and Plateau Mont-Royal have strong sustainable development. The findings of this study help the City of Montreal to understand the improvement of the sustainable development plans for Montreal city and to distribute the municipal budget for the community benefits accordingly.
Highlights
The city is a dynamic mechanism of urban system
This study considers thirty-two variables of urban development criteria to estimate the sustainable urban development indicator (SUDI) of Montreal Urban Community (MUC) (Fig. 1)
This study identifies that the inverse distance weighting (IDW) is the best fitted spatial interpolation model for the CO2e greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions index based on the root mean-squared error (RMSE) (i.e. 1.761 for IDW and 2.611 for Kriging), mean absolute error (MAE) (i.e. 0.2924 for IDW and 0.0048 for Kriging) and R-square (i.e. 0.12 for IDW and 0.02 for Kriging)
Summary
The city is a dynamic mechanism of urban system. This urban system supports the economic activities and development and contains cultural, social and environmental characteristics. Huang et al (1998) identified several urban sustainability indicators with respect to natural system, agricultural system, water resources, urban system, life-support services, import resources, urban production, waste treatment, resource recycling and environmental management. They mathematically aggregated the standardised value of indicators to estimate the urban sustainability index, different indicators have different units of measurement. This study applies retrospective variables of SUD (Huang et al 1998) considering the complex interaction between the living environment, life-styles and standard urban development
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