Abstract
Current studies of urban spatial morphology have rarely focused on the particularity of coastal cities, such as sea–land gradient features and bay types. In this paper, we provide a method to analyze the spatial and vertical distribution of construction land in the bay area and discuss the influence of bay type on the distribution characteristics. Landscape indexes and a clustering algorithm were used to identify the spatial pattern of construction land distribution. Strip division was used to analyze the landscape features of construction land in the sea–land direction. We established eight large bays in Vietnam as the study area. According to the formation and geomorphology of the bay, the eight bays were divided into five types: delta bay, lagoon bay, structural bay, bedrock erosion-stacking bay and estuary bay. The construction land data were generated from Landsat images captured in 1988 and 2015 or so. The study effectively identified five spatial patterns of construction land distribution in bays without prior knowledge. Danang Bay (a bedrock erosion-stacking bay) had a typical high intensity-high concentration pattern, and Hai Loc Bay (a delta bay) had a typical high intensity-low concentration pattern. In the sea–land gradient, the proportions of construction land in the 0–2 km zone were greatest. In Danang Bay, the proportion generally decreased in the sea–land direction; while in Hai Loc Bay, the proportion increased.
Highlights
We provided a method to analyze the spatial pattern of construction land in the bay area
We found that edge density (ED) was more relevant with patch density (PD), and the changes of fractal dimension index (FDI) in sea–land gradient were irregular
Our findings were as follows: (1) Across the region, the total proportion of construction land increased from 4.9% to 12.5% from 1988 to 2015
Summary
The siting and development of urban centers are influenced by the distance from the ocean and coastal geography. Influenced by the formation of the bay, the types of the bay are various, and the topographical morphology varies greatly. It will affect city orientation and city form. As the population continues to converge to the coastal zone, the demand and scale of construction land in bays is expanding, and the built-up area is expanding rapidly. Quantitative analyses of the development intensity and changing characteristics of construction land in bays are of great significance for urban development, urban planning and ecological, environmental protection in bay areas [4]
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