Abstract
This study assessed the spatial disposition of air pollutants and their relationship with meteorological parameters in urban slum settlements of Lagos city. The gaseous pollutants were quantified using a gas analyzer, and the PM2.5 concentration and meteorological parameters were determined using an Air Metric Sampler and Wind Mate, respectively. SPSS for Windows and ArcGIS were used for data analysis. The results revealed that the seasonal variations in SO2, NO2, CO2, and PM2.5 showed a higher level of air pollutant concentration during the dry season than during the wet season. During the wet season, a significant correlation was observed between PM2.5 and temperature at the 1% level (0.957 **), and VOC and SO2 (0.907 *) at the 5% level; during the dry season, significant correlations were observed between NO2 and SO2 at the 1% level (0.9477 **), and PM2.5 and relative humidity (0.832 *) at the 5% level. Atmospheric pressure (72%), temperature (60%), and relative humidity (98.4) were the primary meteorological factors affecting air pollutants such as VOC, CO2, and SO2. The spatial dispersal of air pollutants revealed a high Z score and a moderate p-value, indicating hot spot locations throughout the five selected slum settlements. It is recommended that regular monitoring based on quantifiable economic costs that are beneficial to the well-being of the populace be investigated, and policy-based initiatives for air pollution control based on scientific evidence be advocated for.
Highlights
Environmental problems such as air pollution are the direct consequences of an opaque population [1]
This study revealed the effects of air pollutants and their associated health hazards on slum residents between June 2018 and May 2019 in the coastal slum settlements of the Lagos metropolis
The seasonal variation in air pollutants showed that SO2, NO2, CO2, and PM2.5 had higher trend patterns of pollution concentrations during the dry season than the wet season
Summary
Environmental problems such as air pollution are the direct consequences of an opaque population [1]. A substantial problem with air pollution is seen mostly in underdeveloped countries [2]. Underdeveloped countries are increasingly contending with rampant urban sprawl, commerce evolution, traffic emissions, and increasing urban populations [3,4]. Developing cities are subject to population explosions, degrading environmental quality, and increased costs of urban services. The internal growth of cities and migration to urban centers exceed by far the creation of jobs [5]. It was projected that more than 60% of Nigerians will live in urban centers by 2025, and a considerable proportion will likely live in slums if action is not taken [6]
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