Abstract
Particulate matter () pollution is a threat to public health, and environmental taxation is an important regulatory mode controlling pollution. In 2018, China implemented the Environmental Protection Tax Law (EPTL) targeting pollution. Based on in-situ monitoring and emission inventory data, a Bayesian hierarchical spatiotemporal model combining a two-period trends difference method was employed to measure the abatement effects of China’s EPTL on pollution (AEEPTLPM). On this basis, a spatial spillover index (SSI) of the AEEPTLPM is proposed. Applying this index, we calculated the spatial spillover characteristics of the AEEPTLPM in mainland China at a provincial scale in 2018–2019. The results show that the EPTL has had significant abatement effects on both in-situ-monitored concentrations and local total industrial emissions. Additionally, the two types of AEEPTLPM display distinct spatial heterogeneity. A correlation between the AEEPTLPM and the degree of pollution was observed; areas with serious pollution have higher AEEPTLPM levels, and vice versa. The SSI indicates that the AEEPTLPM exhibits significant spatial spillover characteristics, and spatial heterogeneity is also present.
Highlights
IntroductionIn China, with high levels of PM2.5 pollution and a large population, the harm is extensive and far-reaching, causing sickness and economic burdens [2]
Fine particulate matter (PM2.5 ) poses a serious threat to human health worldwide [1].In China, with high levels of PM2.5 pollution and a large population, the harm is extensive and far-reaching, causing sickness and economic burdens [2]
The results show that the AEEPTLPM has significant spatial heterogeneity, which is likely caused by differing Environmental Protection Tax Law (EPTL) rates, the efficiency of collection and administration, and so on
Summary
In China, with high levels of PM2.5 pollution and a large population, the harm is extensive and far-reaching, causing sickness and economic burdens [2]. China launched the Pollution Prevention and Control Battle to control atmospheric pollution by focusing on limiting pollution emissions, adjusting industrial and energy structures, improving policies and regulations, exercising strict supervision and management, and strengthening scientific research, and it has achieved results [3–5]. Annual PM2.5 concentrations and the frequency of “heavy haze” events in China have decreased since 2013 [6], in some regions PM2.5 pollution remains severe. Premature deaths and a loss of quality of life due to PM2.5 totalled approximately 852,000 and 19.98 million people, respectively, in mainland China in 2017. The number of people affected represented 30% of all victims worldwide [7], and the above risks are showing an overall increasing trend in China [8]
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