Spatial Pattern and Influencing Factor Analysis of Attended Collection and Delivery Points in Changsha City, China

Abstract

Attended collection and delivery points are vital components of ‘last-mile logistics’. Based on point of interest (POI) data for Cainiao Stations and China Post stations in Changsha City, China, this paper provides a detailed exploration of the basic features, spatial distribution, and location influencing factors of attended collection and delivery points. Specifically, analyses of the types, service objects and location distributions of the attended collection and delivery points alongside a discussion of their spatial pattern and influencing factors provides a reference for their general geographic layout and characteristics. The findings of this study indicate that: 1) The main mode of operation of attended collection and delivery points is franchises, with other modes of operation rely on supermarkets and other individual shop types. 2) The main service targets of attended collection and delivery points are communities, schools, and businesses, followed by townships, enterprises, scenic spots, and administrative units. 3) Approximately 77.44% of the attended collection and delivery points are located near the exits of service areas; others are situated in the centre of the service areas. For the Cainiao Stations, 80% are located within 125 m of the exit; for the China Post stations, 80% are located within 175 m of the exit. 4) The spatial distribution of the attended collection and delivery points in Changsha is unbalanced, with ‘more centre and fewer surrounding’. The centre is an ‘inverted triangle’, and the edge is an ‘orphan’, showing a northwest-southeast orientation and symmetrical along the axis. The layout of the attended collection and delivery points forms three core areas, and the number of sites decreases with the distance from the core. 5) The number and distribution of the attended collection and delivery points are strongly consistent with the regional economic development level, population, and roadway system traffic convenience. Most attended collection and delivery points are on residential, scientific and educational, and commercial and financial land.