Spatial modulation and space shift keying in single carrier communication

Abstract

Spatial modulation (SM) and space shift keying (SSK) are relatively new modulation techniques which are attractive in multi-antenna communications. Single carrier (SC) systems can avoid the peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem encountered in multicarrier systems. In this paper, we study SM and SSK signaling in cyclic-prefixed SC (CPSC) systems on MIMO-ISI channels. We present a diversity analysis of MIMO-CPSC systems under SSK and SM signaling. Our analysis shows that the diversity order achieved by (n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> , n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> ) SSK scheme and (n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> , n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> , Θ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</sub> ) SM scheme in MIMO-CPSC systems under maximum-likelihood (ML) detection is n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> , where n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">t</sub> , n <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">r</sub> denote the number of transmit and receive antennas and Θ <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">M</sub> denotes the modulation alphabet of size M. Bit error rate (BER) simulation results validate this predicted diversity order. Simulation results also show that MIMO-CPSC with SM and SSK achieves much better performance than MIMO-OFDM with SM and SSK.