Abstract
The main objective of this work is to develop a methodology for analyzing the quality of the voltage level in the distribution power grid to identify and reduce the violations of voltage limits through the proposition of optimal points for the allocation of photovoltaic distributed generation. The methodology uses the geographic location of the power grid and its consumers to perform the grouping and classification in spatial grids of 100 × 100 m using the average annual consumption profile. The generated profiles, including the grid information, are sent to the photovoltaic distributed generation allocation algorithm, which, using an optimization process, identifies the geographic location, the required installed capacity, and the minimum number of photovoltaic generation units that must be inserted to minimize the violations of voltage limits, respecting the necessary restrictions. The entire proposal is applied in a real feeder with thousands of bars, whose model is validated with measurements carried out in the field. Different violations of voltage limits scenarios are used to validate the methodology, obtaining grids with better voltage quality after the optimized allocation of photovoltaic distributed generation. The proposal presents itself as a new tool in the work of adapting the voltage of the distribution power grid using photovoltaic distributed generation.
Highlights
The world is facing an energy crisis aggravated by the growth in demand, and with this, the electric power grids require more marked maintenance, overloading the energy distribution companies [1,2,3]
With the roles defined within the steps of the methodology, we have: (i) grouping and classification: application of the Fuzzy C-Means algorithm for clustering the grids in a number of predefined clusters, (ii) photovoltaic distributed generation allocation algorithm (DGPV): definition of the Distributed Generation Photovoltaic (DGPV) allocation parameters for the optimization process and (iii) optimization method: genetic algorithm with the intention to minimize violations of voltage limits
The application is performed through a case study that includes: (i) Simulation of the feeders, (ii) voltage classification, (iii) clustering of the consumption profiles, (iv) analysis of the geographic location of the Distributed Generation Photovoltaic (DGPV), (v) validation of the proposed methodology, and (vi) comparison between the results obtained considering the allocation of DGPV freely in the entire feeder or only in clusters of a certain consumption profile
Summary
The world is facing an energy crisis aggravated by the growth in demand, and with this, the electric power grids require more marked maintenance, overloading the energy distribution companies [1,2,3]. Ensuring the proper voltage levels for consumers becomes increasingly challenging. If there is a bad quality in the distributed electricity, losses are produced to the companies due to punitive administrative actions applied by regulatory agencies [4,5,6,7,8,9]. The development of current electrical grids is directed towards smart grids, which integrate information technology, communication, and automation, being applied in transient analysis, failures, among others [13,14,15].
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