Abstract
Cross-cultural research suggests that individualistic Americans have a tendency to process focal objects; in contrast, collectivist Asians have a tendency to bind objects and context (Park & Huang, 2010). However, little is known whether the reported cultural differences are moderated by cultural orientation. In light of these results and the well-reported age-related decline in binding abilities, the current study examined cultural and age differences in cultural orientation, spatial memory and strategy use with young and older Canadian and Indian adults. There was little difference between Canadian and Indian participants’ cultural orientation. While cultural orientation did not moderate the relationship between culture and spatial memory, spatial memory and strategy use differed as a function of age. The use of context-specific strategies resulted in performance gains in older adults, however overall older adults had poor spatial memory, with Indian older adults scoring significantly lower than Canadian older adults on the courtyard task.
Highlights
Author’s Declaration AUTHOR’S DECLARATION FOR ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION OF A THESIS I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis
Individualism Collectivism Cultural Orientation Scale (INDCOL) A 2 x 2 x 2 (Dimension: horizontal vs. vertical) x 2 (Orientation: individualism vs. collectivism) mixed model ANOVA was conducted on the INDCOL scores, with Age and Culture as two between-subjects variables, dimension and orientation as two within-subjects variables
The follow-up analyses revealed a higher score on individualism (M = 29.86; SD = 4.29) than collectivism (M = 25.60, SD = 3.93) for the horizontal dimension, t(79) = 6.48, p = .001; whereas there was a lower score on individualism (M = 25.68, SD = 5.88) than collectivism (M = 27.33, SD = 4.83) for the vertical dimension, t(79) = -2.97, p =
Summary
Author’s Declaration AUTHOR’S DECLARATION FOR ELECTRONIC SUBMISSION OF A THESIS I hereby declare that I am the sole author of this thesis. I authorize Ryerson University to lend this thesis to other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. I further authorize Ryerson University to reproduce this thesis by photocopying or by other means, in total or in part, at the request of other institutions or individuals for the purpose of scholarly research. Spatial Memory in Canadian and Indian Young and Older Adults: The Effects of Age, Culture and Cultural Orientation Master of Arts 2017 Khushi Patel. Little is known whether the reported cultural differences are moderated by cultural orientation In light of these results and the well-reported age-related decline in binding abilities, the current study examined cultural and age differences in cultural orientation, spatial memory and strategy use with young and older Canadian and Indian adults. The use of context-specific strategies resulted in performance gains in older adults, overall older adults had poor spatial memory, with Indian older adults scoring significantly lower than Canadian older adults on the courtyard task
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