Spatial interaction between urban and peri-urban regions of Surabaya metropolitan area and its impact to the carbon footprint of transportation sector

Abstract

Surabaya Metropolitan Area is the dominant urban agglomeration in East Java Province as the center of regional economic development. The population growth and economic activities have significantly affects to the periphery area, one of which is Sidoarjo Regency where is directly border to the southern part of Surabaya City. Sidoarjo Regency as a supporting area has a main function in the provision of residential and industrial areas which causes the expansion of urban areas of Surabaya. The relationship between urban and peri-urban areas has the potential to increase the flow of people, goods and vehicles from Surabaya to Sidoarjo and vice versa. It causes congestion and air pollution problems from vehicles in the corridor of the area with a high level of interaction. The purpose of this study is to estimate the level of spatial interaction between urban and peri-urban areas as well as the environmental impacts, mainly carbon emissions and ecological footprint. The analysis was carried out using the gravity method to measure spatial interactions, while carbon emissions analysis uses quantitative method with data on emission factors and the number of vehicles between Surabaya City and Sidoarjo Regencies, as well as their effects on ecological footprint. The results show that the peri-urban area surrounding border of Surabaya City has the highest level of spatial interaction. The strong interaction between urban areas and peri-urban areas has an impact on increasing carbon emissions between these two regions and also their ecological footprint.