Abstract
Water springs and its channel degradation due to anthropogenic pollution may alter the community structure of aquatic organisms. Water spring degradation tehrefore affect the quality of water as tourism resources. This study aims to investigate the changes in community structure of nekton and determine the relationships between water quality characteristics to the diversity of nekton. The field survey was set up in Ngenep spring and its channels. Results showed that nekton species found in Ngenep spring and its channels consists of 4 classes, 4 orders, 6 families, and 7 species with total 627 nekton samples. It is comprises of fishes, shrimp, frogs and waterstriders. Nekton diversity index (H’) in the spring and irrigation channel were in moderate level (1<H'<3) while in settlement channel was low (0,67). Evenness values of nekton ranged 0,24 – 0,53, whereas dominancy index of nekton ranged 0,41 – 0,74. Evenness value in settlement channel was very low (0, 24) with high dominancy index (0, 74); it indicates that nekton species were spread not evenly in the channel, it dominated by fish Rasbora sp. (highest IVI, 184,95). There were spatial variations of physico-chemical water qualitiy parameters in Ngenep springs and its channels (temperature, stream velocity, turbidity, conductivity, pH, DO, BOD and TOM) which affected to nekton diversity and community structure. Clustering analyses and PCA result shows correlation pattern between nekton distribution with physico-chemical water quality parameters. However, physico-chemical water quality parameters in Ngenep springs and its channel were still optimum as nekton habitat (PP No. 82/ 2001). Keywords: Community structure , Nekton, Spatial diversity, Spring, Water channel
Highlights
Springs are one of water sources that has an important role for various life purposes
Identification and composition of Nekton Nekton species found in Ngenep spring and its channels consists of 4 classes, 6 families, and 7 spesies with total 627 nekton samples
Nekton diversity in irrigation channels and spring were in moderate level (1
Summary
Springs are one of water sources that has an important role for various life purposes. Water springs used for daily life needs mainly by the surrounding communities, and used as water source for agriculture irrigation, and tourism attractions. Water springs is one of the crucial tourism resources, but many water springs in Malang experienced some decline, both in its quantity and quality [1]. There are several reasons for water spring degradation, namely due to many land use conversion from forest to agriculture particularlly in the hilly areas and landuses changes, sewage, forest degradation and pollutions. Anthropogenic activities such as settlements, agriculture practices, fishing, any households and other
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