Abstract
Las Hamadryas son mariposas neotropicales que emiten sonido y pasan mucho tiempo posadas en árboles, donde son crípticas. Se estudió cinco especies en Costa Rica y Panama. Cada especie tiene una altura característica para posarse. Se posaron menos del lado sur de los árboles y evitaron las partes soleadas en días calurosos. Los machos dejaron su percha para volar hacia otras Hamadryas y hacia "mariposas" de cartón. Cuando se retiró los machos de los árboles éstos fueron tomados con mucha mayor frecuencia por otros machos. La mayoría de las interacciones aéreas de H. femnia se dieron entre las 1 3 : 00 y las 1 5 :00 h y fueron más frecuentes en la estación lluviosa. De noche, los machos compartían los árboles. El sonido característico del grupo es producido por venas modificadas en las alas delanteras.
Highlights
Absh:act: Neotropical buttert1ies of the genus Hamadryas, noted by the emission of sound, spend much lime perching on trees and are believed 10 be cryptically pattemed and colored with respecI lo Iree trunks and branches ¡hey use as perching siles, bul ¡he subject had not been studied previously
This paper describes spatial distribution, territoriality ¡¡nd sound production in five species, under natural conditions: Hamadryas amphinome (Lucas, 1 853), H. februa (Godart, 1 824), H. feronia (Fruhstorfer, 1 916), H. glaucollome (Bates, 1 864) and H. guatemalena (Bates, ! 864)
Tree characteristics and use by bunerflies were recorded under natural conditions in open habitats in Costa Riea and Panama, avoidíng the problems thal affected previous natural selection studies in Biston betularía
Summary
Absh:act: Neotropical buttert1ies of the genus Hamadryas, noted by the emission of sound, spend much lime perching on trees and are believed 10 be cryptically pattemed and colored with respecI lo Iree trunks and branches ¡hey use as perching siles, bul ¡he subject had not been studied previously. Males perched on the trees and used Ihem as courting territories. A review of Ihe Iiterature shows Ihat more than 50 species of lepidopterans ( 1 1 families) emit sound audible lo humans and suggests that sound mechanisms evolved several times. B utterflies of the genus Hamadryas spend much time perching on tree trunks on which they are believed to be cryptic, but the consequences of this behavior have not been studied (Young 1974, Jenkins 1983 ). Darwin (1871) proposed that the joint "spiral" flights of butterflies were part of courtship, and Joy (1902) associated these flights with reproductive territoriality
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