Abstract
Plantations are increasing in frequency and extent across the landscape, especially in China, and forest thinning can accelerate the development of late-successional attributes, thereby enhancing plantation stand structural heterogeneity. To quantify the effect of forest restoration thinning on the spatial heterogeneity and the structure of Quercus variabilis plantations, a restoration thinning experiment in a 40-year-old Quercus variabilis plantation by removing trees from the upper canopy level was conducted; two one-hectare sample plots with thinning and a control (i.e., unlogged) were sampled; and geostatistics methods were used to analyze the spatial distribution pattern of the DBH, height, and density of the stand. We found that restoration forest thinning in the Quercus variabilis plantation had a significant impact on the average DBH and tree height of the stand. Meanwhile, the coefficient of variation and structure ratio of the DBH, tree height, and stand density in the thinning plot were larger than those in the control plot. The range and spatial autocorrelation distance of the DBH and stand density in the thinning plot were smaller than those in the control plot, but the fractal dimension showed the opposite trend. The range and spatial autocorrelation distance of tree height in the thinning plot were higher than those in the control plot. These findings suggested that, compared with the control plot, the stereoscopic distribution of the DBH and stand density in the thinning plot fluctuated less and changed gentler, and its spatial continuity was not high but its variation was significant; meanwhile, the stereoscopic distribution of the tree height in the thinning plot was highly fluctuating and changed more significantly, with a strong spatial dependence and strip gradient distribution. Hence, forest restoration thinning could improve the distribution of the DBH and stand density and adjust the spatial heterogeneity of the DBH, tree height, and stand density of Quercus variabilis plantations.
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