Spatial distribution of epigaeic predators in a small field in relation to season and surrounding crops

Abstract

Abstract The arthropod predator community of an organically cultivated 0.3 ha field was sampled by pitfall trapping during 1 year and analysed for small-scale spatial distribution patterns and their seasonal variation. Due to the small size of the study site, most of the investigated species were able to colonise the whole field. Ordination analyses revealed significant differences in community composition (i) between field centre and margin in summer and (ii) between field parts adjacent to meadows or conventionally cultivated arable land in all seasons. Results changed considerably if only adult carabids or spiders were used instead of the whole predator community. During summer the following significant differences in community parameters were found: (i) total catches in the centre were nearly twice as high as near the margin, (ii) predator richness did not differ between centre and margin while significantly more species were found close to meadows and (iii) evenness and heterogeneity were significantly higher at the margin versus the centre. The arthropod predator community even of a small field site showed distinct spatial distribution patterns with seasonal changes. Selecting appropriate taxonomic groups is crucial for the outcome of such studies and should be tailored to the aim of the investigation.