Abstract
Many researchers have studied the energy dissipation characteristics of two-jet collisions in air, but few have studied the related spatial rainfall distribution characteristics. In this paper, in combination with a model experiment and theoretical study, the spatial distributions of rainfall intensity of two-jet collisions, with different collision angles and flow ratios, are systematically studied. The experimental results indicated that a larger collision angle corresponds to a larger rainfall intensity distribution. The dimensionless maximum rainfall intensity sharply decreased with the flow ratio, while the maximum rainfall intensity slightly increased when the flow ratio was greater than 1.0. A theoretical equation to compute the location of maximum rainfall intensity is presented. The range of rainfall intensity distribution sharply increased with the flow ratio. When the flow ratio was greater than 1.0, the range of longitudinal distribution slightly increased, whereas the lateral distribution remained unchanged or slowly decreased. A formula to calculate the boundary lines of the x-axis is proposed.
Highlights
At present, the high dam projects that have been built, are under construction, or are planned in China have the common features of large drops, a narrow river valley, and a large flood discharge flow
Note that on the section with the same vertical distance from the collision point, the rainfall intensity range showed an increasing trend on the y-axis when the Figures 4–6 show the distribution of rainfall intensity for several flow ratios, collision angles, flow ratio increased
Cm; for f = 0.9, the rainfall intensity range was concentrated in the range of 10 cm ≤ x ≤ 100 cm; while In Figure 4, the flow ratios vary, and the height and collision angles from the collision point to the when f = 3.2, the rainfall intensity range was concentrated in the range of 40 cm ≤ x ≤ 115 cm
Summary
The high dam projects that have been built, are under construction, or are planned in China have the common features of large drops, a narrow river valley, and a large flood discharge flow. The flood discharge energy dissipation mode of the dam body has been mostly adopted by two-jet collisions and downstream water reservoirs, such as Ertan (Figure 1), Xiaowan, Xiluodu, Goupitan, and the Jinping grade I project. It is necessary to study the spatial distribution characteristics of rainfall intensity in two-jet collisions in air, in order to improve the prediction accuracy of the discharge atomization rain strength and influence range, as well as make a relevant protection classification and protection design scheme in the design planning [8,9,10].
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