Spatial distribution characteristics and dynamics of <i>Eichhornia crassipes</i> in the Shuikou Reservoir, Fujian Province

Abstract

为研究闽江水口水库凤眼莲空间分布特征及动态变化,根据2001-2009年水口库区无云覆盖的24幅卫星遥感影像,构建研究区域凤眼莲干流-支流分布的空间结构,并通过建立端元的混合象元线性分解模型,对福建省水口水库不同时间、不同区域的凤眼莲分布特征进行系统分析,结果表明,随着时间的推移,凤眼莲的暴发区逐渐向下游迁移,同时,支流对研究区域凤眼莲的面积有重要影响,特别是河流较长、周边有人口居住的支流是凤眼莲源头治理的重点;各种人为或自然原因造成的水体富营养化、河流流速变缓等是凤眼莲泛滥的重要原因.建议针对研究区域上游及其周边进行养殖污染、工业污染整治,强化对污染源的监督管理,推进生态环境建设与保护,建设生态功能保护区等.本研究可为了解水口水库的凤眼莲时空分布规律,进而制定相应的预防与控制管理措施提供必不可少的数据基础和理论依据.;In order to study the spatial distribution characteristics and dynamics of Eichhornia crassipes in the Shuikou Reservoir, this study, using 24 unclouded remote sensing satellite images from 2001 to 2009 which covered the Shuikou Reservoir region, reconstructed the spatial structure of Eichhornia crassipes distributed in the mainstream and tributaries, and analyzed the situation of Eichhornia crassipes in the Shuikou Reservoir at different times and different observation zones according to the Linear Spectral Mixture Analysis Method. The results indicate that the outbreak area of Eichhornia crassipes moves from the upper reaches to the lower reaches gradually as time goes on. And some long tributaries with high riparian populations played an important role in the contribution of Eichhornia crassipes in this survey region. The significant factors about the fast growth of Eichhornia crassipes included water eutrophication, low velocity, etc.. It is suggested that local government should take actions to fight against the pollution from the industry, aquaculture, and poultry farming in this area, enhance the supervision and protection of ecological environment, and establish nature reserves. This study can enhance the understanding of the temporal and spatial distributions of Eichhornia crassipes, and then provide fundamental data and theory for managing and controlling the nuisance plants.