Spatial distribution and source diagnosis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soils from Chengdu Economic Region, Sichuan Province, western China

Abstract

Surface soils from the Chengdu Economic Region (CER) were analyzed for sixteen United States Environment Protection Agency priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) to study the spatial distribution and to identify the sources of PAHs. Relatively high concentrations (more than 1500 ngg − 1 ) of high molecular weight PAHs were found in Chengdu Plain, in the middle of CER, while high concentrations (more than 500 ng g − 1 ) of low molecular weight PAHs were detected in the surrounding mountains. The concentrations of ∑ 16-PAHs in topsoil samples from CER (12.52–75,431.47 ngg − 1 , average value was 3233.92 ngg − 1 ) were higher than that from the southern China (21.91–3077 ngg − 1 , average value was less than 500 ngg − 1 ), and they were comparable to concentrations in soils from the northern China (366–254,080 ngg − 1 , mean value was more than 3000 ngg − 1 ). The concentrations from CER were also much higher than the concentrations of some world clean regions such as Antarctic (34.9–171 ngg − 1 ), European high mountains (9–11,000 ngg − 1 , mean value was 158 ngg − 1 ) and some Europe residential (736 ngg − 1 ) and arable soils (60–145 ngg − 1 , mean value was 66 ngg − 1 ). The ratio of tracer compounds (BaA/(BaA + Chr), Flo/(Flo + Pyr), and IcdP/(IcdP + BghiP)) indicated that the high concentrations of PAHs in soils were mainly derived from fossil fuels combustion in mountain region and from the incomplete combustion of petroleum in developed plain area (such as Chengdu and Deyang). From the above distribution characteristics and ratios of tracer compounds, we inferred the reasons for the distribution pattern of PAHs in CER were the domestic heating, emissions, and the physicochemical properties of PAHs.