Abstract
Surface water is one of the essential natural resource which support the eco-system to provide a suitable habitat to many living organisms. Monitoring of surface water gives a valuable information to evaluate the water quality problems. The objective of the present study is to evaluate status of surface water quality using drinking water quality index method and spatial distribution techniques using GIS and satellite images of Erandol area (Maharashtra, India). The integrated water samples were collected from different locations and analyzed for 13 physico-chemical characteristics which were compared with the BIS permissible limits. The WQI were calculated by using standard methods of CCMEWQI and WAWQI. The geospatial tools like high resolution multispectral remote sensing data (RESOURCESAT-2, LISS IV), GIS software, and GPS were used to perform the spatial distribution analysis using different water quality parameters. The CCMEWQI and WAWQI method indicated that the both 74% of water samples were found to be in good water quality whereas 22% and 16% of fair to poor water quality respectively. The remaining samples exhibit marginal to very poor water quality. As per WAWQI, 5% of samples found to be unsuitable for drinking and fish culture purpose during monsoon, winter and summer season. The decline in water quality was due to various anthropogenic activities including discharge of untreated sewage, enrichment of water sources through surface runoff and traditional methods of irrigation, and overuse of pesticides and inorganic fertilizer.
Highlights
Water is the very essential component for the growth of human, agriculture, and industry (Gupta et al, 2017)
The present study indicated that the Geographic Information System (GIS) techniques and Water Quality Index (WQI) methods could provide valuable information for assessment of water quality
The pH values during Monsoon, Winter and Summer season were found higher than the prescribed permissible limit which indicates that surface water of study area was alkaline in nature
Summary
Water is the very essential component for the growth of human, agriculture, and industry (Gupta et al, 2017). The industrial development and urbanization are the big causes for deteriorating rural and urban water quality and its effect on to the aquatic environment (Simsek and Gunduz, 2007). The national and international agencies such as WHO, CPCB, BIS, ICMRI has stated that the water quality is about 70% in India is polluted due to discharge of industrial and domestic wastewater in to the natural stream and because of these pollutions the water quality is too poor for the consumption (Ramakrishnaiah et al, 2009; Jindal and Sharma, 2011). Proper water quality assessment is very important to the utilization of surface water for domestics as well as flourishing aquatic life (Li et al, 2009). Assessment of water quality by using various scientific methods for the physicochemical and biological parameters has been reported in the different international kinds of literature (Avvannavar and Shrihari, 2008; Shin et al, 2014; Satyanarayanan et al, 2007)
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