Abstract
The problem of statutory restrictions of the freedom to conduct business activities is a subject addressed by many researchers. On the other hand, there is little research into the spatial aspect of this phenomenon and its impact on the quality of life of the inhabitants of urban centres in terms of their exclusion from one of the key motivations for travelling, namely shopping trips. The main purpose of the article is to determine the impact of the introduction of a statutory restriction on Sunday trading on sustainable urban development in terms of identifying areas excluded from free access to such services within a large urban settlement in Poland. Our studies on accessibility by car utilised data from ITS systems, the assumptions of the probabilistic Huff Model, and methods to determine market catchment areas. The data used in the study were based on the results of a questionnaire survey. The research procedure was conducted for eight scenarios that covered two periods (March 2019 and November 2020) on trading and non-trading Sundays. The conducted research shows that changes in the temporal accessibility of grocery shops in Łódź within the analysed periods are noticeable for trading and non-trading Sundays. In both cases, accessibility by private car is decidedly worse on non-trading Sundays. Transport exclusion from accessibility to grocery shops applies, in particular, to residents of peripheral areas of the city and is further compounded by the statutory Sunday retail restrictions implemented nationwide.
Highlights
An important constituent of customer behaviour analysis is the characteristics of the shopping process itself
When we only take into account the spatial distribution of the places where groceryrelated supply and demand occurs, we must indicate that spatial accessibility to at least one shop within a 15-min drive would have been ensured to all Łódź residents in the basal and final period of the research if there had been no retail restrictions
Despite the fact that some shops were closed, 99.9% of residents were located within the 15-min travel isochrone for both analysed periods
Summary
An important constituent of customer behaviour analysis is the characteristics of the shopping process itself. The consumer’s decision to purchase products determines the basic characteristics of shopping activity. Mobility for shopping varies in terms of the period in which the purchase takes place, and its frequency, journey time necessary, preferred mode of transport, etc. Some customers do their shopping every day, while others only visit stores once in a while. Decisions on shopping trips do not have to be made on a daily basis, but in a weekly cycle. Any study on shopping behaviour should take into account multi-day data that encompass at least a weekly perspective and reflect any rise in customers’ shopping activity across successive days of the week [2]
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