Abstract
Landscape pattern analysis based on geometric features effectively reflects the spatial patterns of land use. Based on the administrative boundaries of prefecture-level cities, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei collaborative development area is divided into three sub-regions, according to ecological–production–living functions. We used remote sensing data of long time series land-use change from late 1980 to 2015, and analyzed landscape pattern changes and spatial differentiation in the past 30 years. The results show that: (1) The main type of land-use change was the flow of cultivated land to urban construction land, and the urbanization process was significant. (2) The urban construction land was the landscape type with the highest degree of fragmentation and maximum land-use change in the region. (3) The patch density in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei area increased while the average patch area decreased, and the entire landscape tended towards significant fragmentation. The Shannon diversity and evenness indexes continued to increase, indicating that the overall landscape in this region is heterogeneous and diversified. The ecological and environmental protection measures implemented in this region so far have achieved results, but require more stringent measures to ensure the total diversification of land use in the region.
Highlights
In ecology, a landscape pattern is defined as the arrangement of patches with different sizes and shapes in a landscape space according to certain laws [1]
Based on the administrative boundaries of prefecture-level cities, the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei collaborative development area is divided into three sub-regions, according to ecological–production–living functions
The results show that: (1) The main type of land-use change was the flow of cultivated land to urban construction land, and the urbanization process was significant
Summary
A landscape pattern is defined as the arrangement of patches with different sizes and shapes in a landscape space according to certain laws [1]. The combination of land use change and landscape pattern is an effective method to reveal the regional ecological environment and its spatial differentiation characteristics [4]. To reveal the temporal and spatial distribution law of the evolution of a landscape pattern for a certain area or a certain land cover type (such as forest land and grassland), scholars have conducted extensive research on this aspect. An increase in construction leads to the overall fragmentation of regional ecological landscapes. Most notably, cultivated landscapes are rapidly declining with the rise in construction [8], and several ecological landscapes are showing a degrading trend as a result [9]
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