Abstract
This study covers the issue of insufficient childcare support, which is part of the combined social problem of low birth rates and aging, and sets the direction for the environmental improvement of childcare facilities. This study aims to find the clues to creating an optimized environment for children in nature, which is a key factor that generally promotes children’s physical, cognitive, and social development. In this paper, we conducted a literature review and case study to determine the spatial design characteristics of childcare facilities based on a biophilic design and survey. This study reached five conclusions. Firstly, childcare facilities need a spatial design to have a view of the natural ecosystem outside to increase children’s concentration and provide a pleasant environment. Secondly, there is a need for open space that makes observation and monitoring more convenient in the different spaces of childcare facilities. Thirdly, childcare facilities need a spatial design where children can enjoy various sensory experiences related to nature. Fourthly, childcare facilities must have an interesting and familiar spatial design using natural elements. Lastly, there must be hiding places considering the children’s stage of development and learning ability. The results will be used as the baseline data for the spatial design and planning of childcare facilities based on biophilic design.
Highlights
Social problems caused by low birth rates and an aging population are issues that must be resolved, and it is important to discuss how to solve these problems in a sustainable and human-friendly perspective
This study conducted a literature review and case study to determine the spatial design characteristics of childcare facilities based on biophilic design
The important features for the spatial design of childcare facilities based on biophilic design that actively use natural elements are as follows: creating an open environment to observe, view, and monitor the surroundings; forming an interesting and familiar space for intensive play and learning by using natural elements and securing the view of the natural ecosystem; and using natural elements for various visual and non-visual experiences
Summary
Social problems caused by low birth rates and an aging population are issues that must be resolved, and it is important to discuss how to solve these problems in a sustainable and human-friendly perspective. The increase in the elderly population is caused by the development of science and medical technology, and the extension of the human lifespan led to the realization by many elders that healthy and active aging are the keys to a successful elderly life. Low birth rates are not discussed or studied as much as aging. The increase of single-person households or unmarried people led to active discussions about related industries and studies [7,8]. It is only natural to develop policies and research considering single-person households in light of this social phenomenon and trend, and this must be discussed and carried out more actively
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