Spatial Decision Support Systems

Abstract

Spatial decision support systems (SDSS) are computer-based systems that combine the geographic storage, search, and retrieval capabilities of geographic information systems with the decision models and optimizing algorithms used to support decision-making about spatial problems. Examples are political redistricting, selection of routes, facility location, and planning land uses. SDSS are used increasingly in both business and public sectors today. These systems allow decision makers to use ‘multiple spatial criteria’ in making locational choices by exploring alternatives in the spatial and the attribute solution space. In some SDSS, the user generates these spaces interactively. The capabilities of the SDSS then consist of the tools for manipulating the geographic information, and reporting the characteristic attributes of the outcomes. In other cases, instead of modeling the choices of individuals, the user of the SDSS directly participates in the choice evaluation process. Some SDSS incorporate methods for reconciling different views. In many situations, the assistance required by users of an SDSS lies in the knowledge of experts who are not available in person. Much of current research in SDSS entails capturing the knowledge of experts and incorporating it in the SDSS. The typical characteristics and functionalities of SDSS are becoming incorporated in social science theories and models that explain spatial decisions.