Spatial cues for the enhancement of retinal pigment epithelial cell function in potential transplants

Abstract

Retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cellular morphology and function are vital to the health of the retina. In age-related macular degeneration, RPE dysfunction and changes in Bruch's membrane occur. Thus, a potential cure is a dual-layer biomimetic transplant consisting of a layer of healthy RPE cells cultured on a support membrane. In this study, we investigated human anterior lens capsule as a replacement for Bruch's membrane and also explored different seeding methods as ways of inducing the desired cellular morphology and function. Using in vitro assays, we demonstrated that RPE cells cultured on lens capsule exhibited epithelial characteristics, such as the presence of actin belts and the formation of tight junctions in the monolayer. Bovine photoreceptor outer segments were also incubated with the RPE cells in order to quantify the binding and ingestion activity of the RPE cells. With these assays, we determined that cells seeded by centrifugation appeared to possess the most epithelial-like morphology, with the shortest overall length and the smallest elongation. They also exhibited enhanced metabolic activity, with a 1.5-fold increase over conventional gravity seeding. Thus, the spatial cues provided by centrifugation may assist cells in assuming native RPE function. Therefore, a dual-layer transplant, with RPE cells organized by centrifugation onto lens capsule, appears promising in achieving native retinal function.