Abstract
This paper investigates the spatial correlation character- istics of multiple antenna arrays deployed in wireless communication systems. First, we derive a general closed-form formula for the spatial correlation function (SCF) of a multiple antenna array with arbitrary array conflguration under uniform signal angular energy distribution. Based on this formula, we then explore the characteristics of the SCF for several multiple antenna arrays with difierent array geometries. It is found that a multiple antenna array with a three-dimensional (3-D) array geometry can reduce the magnitude of its SCF and hence, im- prove the ergodic channel capacity (ECC) of wireless communication systems. Accordingly, we present a method to flnd the optimum 3-D antenna array geometry for maximizing the ECC of a wireless commu- nication system. This method develops a novel objective function to incorporate with a particle swarm optimization (PSO) for solving the resulting optimization problem. Simulation results are provided for conflrming the validity and the efiectiveness of the proposed method.
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