Abstract
A “format” is an essential component of a city’s central districts and reflects their economic characteristics. In the urban context, individual formats relate to and mutually influence each other. Using data from two central districts in Shanghai—People’s Square and Lujiazui—and a case study approach, we investigated the mutual influences and relations among formats in these districts. We collected and categorized data on formats and assessed the degree of format aggregation. We also identified and described three different types of spatial relationships that may exist among formats: Strong two-way correlations, strong one-way correlations, and weak two-way correlations. These spatial relationships reflect the spatial distribution structure in an urban central district, embodying the systemicity and integrity of formats. The relationships we found have significance for future research on spatial relationships in other urban central districts.
Highlights
IntroductionKanemura Eitetsu thinks that format was defined from the perspective of a store that directed contact with consumers [1]
The concept of a “format” originated in Japan in the 1960s
This paper aims to explore the spatial relationship between different formats in urban central areas; this, which can help in to advance our understanding of the spatial distribution characteristics of urban economies and the spatial arrangement of different formats in urban central districts
Summary
Kanemura Eitetsu thinks that format was defined from the perspective of a store that directed contact with consumers [1]. It mainly refers to a combination of marketing elements that provides consumers with various retail services. It refers to a combination of goods, prices, stores, and sales. With the multitude of economic activities in existence, it is used in the context of the service industry, such as healthcare, businesses, and more. The term “format” is used to denote the extant or realized form of retail and service industry activities to meet different consumer needs [2]. Format covers various business industries such as commercial and catering industries. Analyzing the spatial distribution of formats can clearly advance the understanding of the economic, social, and spatial structures of these areas
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