Spatial characteristics, sources, and ecological and human health risks of polychlorinated biphenyls in sediments from some river systems in the Niger Delta, Nigeria

Abstract

Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were quantified in sediments from the lower reaches of the Niger, Ase and Forcados Rivers in Nigeria with the aim of elucidating the sources, spatial characteristics and likely ecological and human health risks relating to exposure to PCBs in the sediments. A total of 28 PCB congeners, including 7 indicator PCBs and 12 dioxin-like PCBs, were identified and quantified after Soxhlet extraction with acetone/n-hexane/dichloromethane by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The Σ28 PCB concentrations in sediments from the Niger, Ase and Forcados Rivers ranged from 13.5 to 277 ng g−1, not detected to 1633 ng g−1 and 6.9 to 78.6 ng g−1 respectively. The PCB composition in sediments from these three rivers indicate the dominance of lower chlorinated (2-Cl to 5-Cl) congeners over higher chlorinated (6-Cl to 10-Cl) congeners. The ecological and human health risk assessment suggests potential risks for exposure of both organisms and humans to PCBs in sediments from these three river systems.