Abstract

The results of an empirical study investigating the effect of feedback, mobility, and index of difficulty on a deictic spatial audio target acquisition task in the horizontal plane in front of a user are presented. Audio feedback marked display elements are found to enable usable deictic interaction that is performed with high accuracy and can be described using Fitts’ law. Feedback does not affect perceived workload or preferred walking speed compared to interaction without feedback. Without audio feedback, spatial audio is not found to support adequately the corrective submovements necessary for high selection accuracies. Interaction with the display becomes therefore highly inefficient. Mobility is found to degrade interaction speed and accuracy by 20%. Participants were able to perform deictic spatial audio target acquisition when mobile while walking at 73% of their preferred walking speed. The proposed feedback design is examined in detail and the effects of variable target widths are quantified. Deictic interaction with a spatial audio display is found to be a feasible solution for future interface designs.

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