Abstract
This study investigated the relationship between topographic information and trends in rainfall in Aba urban, South Eastern Nigeria. GIS data were applied to generate topographical information on runoff characteristics, the slope, the contour, the aspect and the digital elevation model. The Mann-Kendall Trend was applied to the rainfall data to show if a monotonic increase, decrease or stability trend exist for the rainfall data of Aba metropolis for the period 2000-2010. Results showed that virtually all parts of Aba were liable to floods expect Ogbor hill axis. The flood vulnerability map indicated that 71.65% of the study area was vulnerable to flood. Rainfall trend showed a decrease in six out of the ten year period. Since within this period, flood intensity had generally remained the same, we concluded that topography, poor drainage infrastructure and non-compliance with building, planning and environmental regulations rather than rainfall trend were the key cause of flood problem in the study area.
Highlights
Flooding is one of the most common natural hazards in river valleys, low-lying areas, and in recent time urban settlements [1]
Flood vulnerability map developed in Aba urban by the interpolation of digital elevation model (DEM), slope and GPS data shows that in Aba metropolis only 10 areas are liable to flood
As correct as this result may be, during fieldwork, we observe that flooding occurs in virtually all areas in Aba metropolis with the exception of a very small area around Ogbor hill axis
Summary
Flooding is one of the most common natural hazards in river valleys, low-lying areas, and in recent time urban settlements [1]. More than any other environmental hazard, floods bring benefits as well as losses. Flooding occurs as a result of excessive rainfall especially on low lying areas and impermeable surfaces. Floods and other hydrologic hazards clearly show the link between climate and human use systems which frequently results in severe socio-economic, environmental and health problems in vulnerable areas and to vulnerable people [2]. Vulnerability assessments have been recognized as being crucial to disaster management and are conducted to understand potential for loss, focusing on nature of the hazard and who and what are exposed [8]
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