Spatial and Temporal Optimization Strategy for Plug-In Electric Vehicle Charging to Mitigate Impacts on Distribution Network

Lili Gong,Kangli Liu,Xiang Li,Wu Cao,Jianfeng Zhao

doi:10.3390/en11061373

Abstract

The large deployment of plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) challenges the operation of the distribution network. Uncoordinated charging of PEVs will cause a heavy load burden at rush hour and lead to increased power loss and voltage fluctuation. To overcome these problems, a novel coordinated charging strategy which considers the moving characteristics of PEVs is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the concept of trip chain is introduced to analyze the spatial and temporal distribution of PEVs. Then, a stochastic optimization model for PEV charging is established to minimize the distribution network power loss (DNPL) and maximal voltage deviation (MVD). After that, the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with an embedded power flow program is adopted to solve the model, due to its simplicity and practicality. Last, the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed strategy is tested on the IEEE 33 distribution system. Simulation results show that the proposed charging strategy not only reduces power loss and the peak valley difference, but also improves voltage profile greatly.

Highlights

The intensification of environmental pollution has drawn people’s attention to renewable energy generation, electric vehicles (EVs) and some other energy scavenging technologies [1]
In [4], the specific impacts including power loss and voltage deviation have been discussed under uncoordinated and coordinated charging scenarios, the results showed that the uncoordinated charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) reduces the efficiency of the distribution network
A stochastic approach based on actual measurements and survey data was proposed in [7] to analyze the voltage and congestion impacts of electric vehicles (EVs), the conclusion was that the security problems caused by EVs can be Energies 2018, 11, 1373; doi:10.3390/en11061373

Summary

Introduction

The intensification of environmental pollution has drawn people’s attention to renewable energy generation, electric vehicles (EVs) and some other energy scavenging technologies [1]. The uncoordinated charging of PEVs will bring negative impacts on the distribution network, such as overloading, increased power loss, voltage drop and so on [3]. In [4], the specific impacts including power loss and voltage deviation have been discussed under uncoordinated and coordinated charging scenarios, the results showed that the uncoordinated charging of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) reduces the efficiency of the distribution network. The power quality impact assessment was conducted in [6], which considered the random operating characteristics of PHEVs. A stochastic approach based on actual measurements and survey data was proposed in [7] to analyze the voltage and congestion impacts of electric vehicles (EVs), the conclusion was that the security problems caused by EVs can be Energies 2018, 11, 1373; doi:10.3390/en11061373 www.mdpi.com/journal/energies

Methods

Results

Conclusion